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Differences in virtual and physical head orientation predict sickness during active head-mounted display-based

Stephen Palmisano¹, Robert S Allison^2,3, Joel Teixeira¹

¹School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.

Virtual Reality

|December 26, 2022

Summary

Differences between virtual and physical head pose (DVP) in virtual reality (VR) cause cybersickness. Increased DVP amplitude and variability directly correlate with higher sickness ratings, impacting presence and stability perception.

Keywords:

Cybersickness Head-mounted display Motion sickness Motion-to-photon latency Sensory conflict Virtual reality

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Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Virtual Reality Technology
Neuroscience

Background:

Virtual reality (VR) systems utilize head-mounted displays (HMDs) for immersive experiences.
Discrepancies between physical and virtual head pose (DVP) arise from head movements and display lag.
Cybersickness, a common adverse effect in VR, is often linked to these pose discrepancies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that large-amplitude, time-varying differences in virtual-physical pose (DVP) are the primary cause of cybersickness.
To quantify the relationship between DVP metrics and cybersickness severity.
To explore DVP's influence on subjective experiences like spatial presence and perceived stability.

Main Methods:

Participants performed continuous, oscillatory head rotations (yaw, pitch, roll) at varying frequencies (0.5-1.0 Hz) in an HMD-based VR environment.
Experimentally introduced display lag levels ranged from 0 to 222 ms, added to a baseline of ~4 ms.
Objective DVP was estimated from head-tracking data, and compared with subjective cybersickness ratings.

Main Results:

Cybersickness severity consistently increased with the mean, peak, and standard deviation of DVP, irrespective of head movement axis or speed.
Higher amplitude and variability in DVP directly correlated with increased cybersickness.
DVP also predicted subjective experiences, including spatial presence and virtual scene stability.

Conclusions:

The amplitude and variability of differences between virtual and physical head pose (DVP) are key triggers for cybersickness in HMD-based VR.
Minimizing DVP is crucial for reducing VR-induced sickness and enhancing user experience.
Understanding DVP's impact on perception is vital for designing more comfortable and believable VR systems.