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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
Published on: June 27, 2020
Lymphoid tissue residency: A key to understand Tcf-1+PD-1+ T cells
1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
Abstract:
During chronic antigen exposure, a subset of exhausted CD8+ T cells differentiate into stem cell-like or progenitor-like T cells expressing both transcription factor Tcf-1 (T cell factor-1) and co-inhibitory receptor PD-1. These Tcf-1+ stem-like or progenitor exhausted T cells represent the key target for immunotherapies. Deeper understanding of the biology of Tcf-1+PD-1+ CD8+ T cells will lead to rational design of future immunotherapies. Here, we summarize recent findings about the migratory and resident behavior of Tcf-1+ T cells. Specifically, we will focus on TGF-β-dependent lymphoid tissue residency program of Tcf-1+ T cells, which may represent a key to understanding the differentiation and maintenance of Tcf-1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells during persistent antigen stimulation.
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