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Related Concept Videos

Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

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The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
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The stability and compatibility of column material with samples are crucial for efficient purification in chromatographic techniques. Various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, or solvent affect the packing of the column material, thereby determining the purification efficiency. The choice of column material also plays an essential role in deciding the operating parameters and can be modified based on the proteins that need to be purified.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

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Fabrication process development and basic evaluation of eggshell-based column packing material for reversed-phase

Tomoka Yoshii1, Akihiro Sakama1, Kazuyoshi Kanamori2

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|December 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed an eco-friendly, inexpensive reversed-phase chromatography column using eggshells and a copolymer. This novel Eggshell-PMAcO column effectively purifies basic and acid-sensitive compounds, offering a sustainable alternative for drug development.

Keywords:
Amphiphilic copolymerCalcium carbonateEggshellPurificationReversed-phase liquid chromatography

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Reversed-phase chromatography of basic drugs is challenging due to silica gel adsorption.
  • Silica gel columns can degrade acid-sensitive compounds.
  • Alkali-resistant columns are needed for basic compound purification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an alkali-resistant, eco-friendly reversed-phase packing material from eggshells.
  • To evaluate the performance of the Eggshell-PMAcO column for purifying basic and acid-sensitive compounds.
  • To compare its properties with conventional silica gel-based ODS columns.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of eggshells with poly(maleic acid-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAcO) to create Eggshell-PMAcO.
  • Surface treatment with ammonium acetate buffer to improve column performance.
  • Chromatographic analysis of hydrophobic compounds, naphthalene, and imipramine.
  • Determination of thermodynamic parameters and retention capacities.

Main Results:

  • The Eggshell-PMAcO column demonstrated sufficient selectivity for hydrophobic compounds.
  • It exhibited weaker retention strength for naphthalene compared to ODS columns, attributed to entropy differences.
  • Significantly enhanced retention capacity for imipramine under alkaline conditions (5 mg vs. 0.2 mg).
  • Successful purification of a nucleic acid drug building block.

Conclusions:

  • Eggshell-PMAcO offers an inexpensive, eco-friendly alternative for reversed-phase chromatography.
  • The column effectively purifies basic and acid-sensitive compounds.
  • This material presents a sustainable approach for pharmaceutical purification applications.