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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

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For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Indium extraction from nitrate medium using Cyphos ionic liquid 104 and its mathematical modeling.

Rohit Kumar1, Soniya Dhiman2, Himanshu Gupta3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, Moradabad, India.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|December 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a mathematical model for indium (In(III)) ion transport using phosphonium ionic liquid (Cyphos IL 104) in a flat-sheet-supported liquid membrane. The model accurately predicts indium recovery from aquatic systems, aiding environmental remediation efforts.

Keywords:
Cyphos IL 104DiffusionFSSLMIndium transportSolvent extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Aquatic pollutant treatment and recovery pose significant global environmental challenges.
  • Indium recovery is crucial for various technological applications.
  • Liquid membrane technology offers a promising approach for metal ion separation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a mathematical model for indium (In(III)) ion transport.
  • To investigate the solvent extraction of indium using a phosphonium ionic liquid (Cyphos IL 104).
  • To predict In(III) ion transport across a flat-sheet-supported liquid membrane (FSSLM).

Main Methods:

  • Solvent extraction experiments were conducted under varied conditions.
  • Mathematical analysis was employed to determine mass transfer parameters.
  • Fick's law of diffusion was applied for model formulation.
  • The influence of diluent composition, feed acidity, and ligand concentration was studied.

Main Results:

  • Indium ion transport across the FSSLM was facilitated by diffusion.
  • The model accurately predicted experimental indium extraction rates.
  • Key parameters influencing In(III) transport were identified.
  • Good agreement was observed between modeling outputs and experimental data at different extractant concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed mathematical model effectively predicts indium ion transport in FSSLM systems.
  • Phosphonium ionic liquid (Cyphos IL 104) is a viable extractant for indium recovery.
  • This research contributes to the development of efficient methods for treating aquatic systems contaminated with indium.