How does COVID-19 affect maternal and neonatal outcomes?

Area of Science:

• Perinatal health
• Infectious disease epidemiology
• Maternal-fetal medicine

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding maternal and infant health outcomes.
• Pregnant women, particularly those with comorbidities, face increased risks from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on maternal and neonatal health.
• To provide guidance on managing perinatal care during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

• A literature search was performed using online databases.
• English-language scientific papers on COVID-19's effects on mothers and newborns were assessed.

Main Results:

• COVID-19 can be severe in pregnant women with chronic conditions.
• Delivery decisions should prioritize maternal-fetal status over SARS-CoV-2 positivity.
• Routine separation of infected mothers and newborns is not recommended; preventive measures are crucial.
• Breastfeeding benefits appear to outweigh transmission risks.
• Neonatal COVID-19 presentations vary widely.
• Vaccination is recommended for pregnant and lactating women.
• Universal screening is advised only in high-prevalence populations.

Conclusions:

• Healthcare providers must manage the perinatal period using current data to safeguard maternal and infant well-being.
• Further research is necessary to understand the long-term effects of COVID-19 on maternal-neonatal outcomes.