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Related Concept Videos

Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

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In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Body Water Content and Fluid Compartments01:19

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Life's biochemical processes occur within aqueous solutions. Solutes are substances that are dissolved within these solutions. The human body contains a variety of solutes, which can differ across various body parts. These can encompass proteins—such as those responsible for clotting and carbohydrate transport—as well as electrolytes. In medicine, an electrolyte is often described as a mineral ion derived from a salt possessing an electric charge. Examples include sodium ions...
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Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

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In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
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Buoyancy00:59

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When an object is placed in a fluid, it either floats or sinks. All objects in a fluid experience a buoyant force. For example, a metal ball sinks, while a rubber ball floats. Similarly, a submarine can sink and float by adjusting its buoyancy.  The concept of buoyancy raises several interesting questions. For instance, where does this buoyant force come from? How much buoyant force is required to make an object sink or float? Do objects that sink get any support at all from the...
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States of Water01:23

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Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
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Updated: Aug 15, 2025

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
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Deaths in Open Water Swimming Races in Brazil from 2009 to 2019.

Fabrizio DI Masi1, Gabriel Costa E Silva1,2, Danielli Braga DE Mello3,4

  • 1Laboratório de Fisiologia e Desempenho Humano da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, BRAZIL.

International Journal of Exercise Science
|December 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fatal incidents in open water swimming races are rising in Brazil. This study analyzed 12 deaths from 2009-2019, finding most victims were experienced male athletes, highlighting the need for preventative strategies.

Keywords:
Drowningaccident preventionathletic performancewater sports

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Open water swimming has gained popularity since its Olympic inclusion in 2008.
  • Brazil's favorable climate has led to an increase in open water swimming participation.
  • Rising fatalities in open water events necessitate a closer examination of contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of deaths in open water swimming events in Brazil.
  • To analyze trends in open water swimming fatalities from 2009 to 2019.
  • To identify demographic and environmental factors associated with these incidents.

Main Methods:

  • Data collection involved contacting sports federations, event organizers, and conducting internet searches.
  • Personal communications with athletes, coaches, and health personnel were utilized.
  • A comprehensive review of 12 reported deaths in open water and triathlon swimming events was performed.

Main Results:

  • A total of 12 deaths occurred between 2009 and 2019, with an increasing trend in the last three years (3 deaths/year).
  • The majority of fatalities involved male participants (91.7%), with an average age of 47.
  • Experienced athletes (80%) were disproportionately affected, and most incidents occurred in ocean waters (75%).

Conclusions:

  • The rising number of deaths in recent years is a significant concern.
  • Understanding the profile and causes of these fatalities is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
  • Targeted interventions are needed to reduce drowning incidents in Brazilian open water swimming events.