What is Climate?
Global Climate Change
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment
Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response
Precipitation Processes
What is Weather?
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Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
Published on: June 30, 2020
Alex C Ruane1, Robert Vautard2,3,4, Roshanka Ranasinghe5,6
1NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA.
The climatic impact-driver (CID) approach provides a framework for assessing physical climate conditions relevant to human and natural systems. This method aids in climate services, adaptation planning, and risk management by categorizing climate phenomena and their impacts.
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