Solid-State Reaction Heterogeneity During Calcination of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode.
Sugeun Jo1, Jeongwoo Han1, Sungjae Seo1
1Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 30, 2022
Summary
Precise control of calcination chemistry is key for high-performance lithium-ion battery cathodes. This study reveals how temperature, lithium diffusion, and oxygen influence chemical composition and nanoscale structures in Ni-rich layered oxides (NRNCM).
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Solid-State Chemistry
Background:
- Nickel-rich layered oxides (LiNi1-x-y Cox Mny O2, NRNCM) are critical cathode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries.
- Synthesizing NRNCM requires precise control over calcination chemistry due to complex phase transitions and heterogeneous reactions.
- The impact of chemical heterogeneity during NRNCM calcination on battery performance remains poorly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the factors governing chemical heterogeneity during NRNCM calcination.
- To understand the relationship between calcination conditions, intermediate compositions, and nanoscale structural variations.
- To provide insights for optimizing NRNCM synthesis for high-energy and high-power density lithium-ion batteries.
Main Methods:
- Synchrotron-based X-ray analysis
- Mass spectrometry microscopy
- Advanced structural analyses
- Imaging analysis of reaction mechanisms
Main Results:
- Temperature-dependent reaction kinetics, lithium source diffusivity, and ambient oxygen critically control local chemical compositions within calcined NRNCM particles.
- Variations in the reducing power of transition metals (Ni, Co, Mn) dictate the nanoscale local structures.
- Detailed imaging analysis revealed the reaction mechanism during NRNCM calcination.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the interplay of kinetics, diffusion, and oxygen is essential for controlling NRNCM calcination chemistry.
- Tuning calcination parameters based on these findings can lead to improved cathode materials.
- This research provides a foundation for developing next-generation lithium-ion batteries with enhanced energy and power densities.
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