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Updated: Aug 15, 2025

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors
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Multi-tasking deteriorates trunk movement control during and after obstacle avoidance.

Masood Nevisipour1, Thomas Sugar1, Hyunglae Lee2

  • 1The Polytechnic School, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, USA.

Human Movement Science
|December 30, 2022
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Cognitive and dynamic multi-tasking significantly impairs trunk control, increasing fall risk. This study highlights the trunk

Keywords:
Dual task walkingFall prevention biomechanicsHuman locomotionObstacle clearanceTorso stability

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Dynamic and cognitive multi-tasking can negatively impact balance and increase fall risk.
  • Trunk movement control is crucial for maintaining balance and preventing falls.
  • The specific effects of multi-tasking on trunk control remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biomechanical effects of combined dynamic and cognitive multi-tasking on trunk control.
  • To compare the trunk's kinematic and kinetic responses to multi-tasking with other body segments.
  • To assess the impact of cognitive load on trunk's ability to recover from dynamic challenges.

Main Methods:

  • 12 young adults performed walking, walking with obstacle avoidance, and walking with obstacle avoidance plus a cognitive task.
  • Kinematics and kinetics of the trunk, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle were measured.
  • Biomechanical data were analyzed to compare joint/segment responses across conditions and identify post-effects.

Main Results:

  • During dynamic multi-tasking (walking + obstacle avoidance), the trunk showed the largest increase in peak flexion angle and extension torque.
  • Adding a cognitive task increased trunk peak extension torque but did not affect other joint biomechanics.
  • Trunk kinematics exhibited the most significant residual differences after obstacle avoidance, with cognitive tasks exacerbating these effects.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive tasks during dynamic multi-tasking deteriorate trunk control and hinder recovery of normal trunk biomechanics.
  • The trunk requires substantial biomechanical adjustments and is particularly vulnerable to combined dynamic and cognitive challenges.
  • Findings suggest increased fall risk in populations with pre-existing trunk control deficits, like the elderly, during daily multi-tasking activities.