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Geochemical carbon dioxide removal potential of Spain
Liam A Bullock1, Juan Alcalde1, Fernando Tornos2
1Geosciences Barcelona (GEO3BCN), CSIC, Lluis Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
The Science of the Total Environment
|January 1, 2023
Summary
Spain has significant potential for geochemical carbon dioxide removal (CDR) using its diverse geological resources. This study identifies key materials and sites to unlock this potential for meeting climate targets.
Area of Science:
- Geochemistry
- Environmental Science
- Earth Science
Background:
- Global climate agreements necessitate substantial carbon dioxide removal (CDR) alongside emissions reduction.
- Geochemical CDR, involving mineral carbonation and alkalinity enhancement, is a promising large-scale approach.
- Spain possesses geological advantages for geochemical CDR, including abundant mafic, ultramafic, and carbonate rocks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess Spain's potential for geochemical carbon dioxide removal (CDR).
- To identify suitable materials, locations, and strategies for implementing CDR in Spain.
- To explore pathways for scaling CDR from kilotonne to million-tonne levels.
Main Methods:
- Review of Spain's geological resources, including mafic-ultramafic and carbonate rock formations.
- Identification of industrial by-products like mine tailings, fly ashes, and slags as potential CDR materials.
- Assessment of coastal and industrial areas for pilot scheme implementation.
Main Results:
- Spain has a high theoretical capacity for geochemical CDR due to its varied geology and waste streams.
- Key materials include mafic/ultramafic rocks, carbonate rocks, mine tailings, fly ashes, slags, desalination brines, and ceramic wastes.
- Industrial, agricultural, and coastal zones offer practical sites for pilot CDR projects.
Conclusions:
- Despite current lack of implementation strategies and regulatory attention, Spain can significantly contribute to CDR.
- Focused research and pilot projects are crucial to overcome barriers and realize Spain's CDR potential.
- Harnessing Spain's geochemical CDR capacity is vital for achieving national climate targets and contributing to global net-zero goals.
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