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Non-coding RNAs in immunoregulation and autoimmunity: Technological advances and critical limitations
Dhaneshwar Kumar1, Subhransu Sekhar Sahoo2, Daniel Chauss1
1Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Journal of Autoimmunity
|January 2, 2023
Summary
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial for immune cell function and are increasingly linked to autoimmune diseases. Advances in technology are revealing their roles in health and disease, offering diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Genomics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Immune cell function relies on precise transcriptional control.
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are abundant but historically understudied RNA species.
- Technological and bioinformatic advancements are improving ncRNA identification and expression measurement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of ncRNAs and technological advances for their study.
- To review the functions of ncRNAs in immune cell regulation and human health.
- To examine ncRNA associations with autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, IBD, and MS.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on ncRNAs and immune function.
- Analysis of technological and bioinformatic innovations for ncRNA research.
- Case studies examining ncRNA roles in four specific autoimmune diseases.
Main Results:
- ncRNAs, including circular and enhancer RNAs, regulate immune cells and are implicated in immune-mediated diseases.
- Some ncRNAs show potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment response.
- Certain ncRNAs may directly contribute to disease pathogenesis and are targets for gene therapy.
Conclusions:
- ncRNAs play significant roles in immune cell regulation and autoimmunity.
- Technological progress is rapidly expanding our understanding of ncRNA functions.
- ncRNAs hold promise for diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics in autoimmune diseases.
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