Ultra-sensitive terahertz metamaterials biosensor based on luxuriant gaps structure.

Area of Science:

• Biophysics
• Nanotechnology
• Biosensing

Background:

• Label-free and rapid detection methods are crucial for cell biology and diagnostics.
• Terahertz metamaterials offer unique electromagnetic properties for sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design and validate a terahertz metamaterial biosensor for label-free detection and distinction of various analytes.
• To assess the biosensor's sensitivity and potential for early disease diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• A terahertz metamaterial biosensor with resonant gaps was designed.
• Simulations and experimental studies were conducted to verify the design.
• Analyte-induced changes in capacitance and electromagnetic properties were measured.

Main Results:

• The biosensor achieved a theoretical sensitivity of 290 GHz/RIU and experimental concentration sensitivity of ≥ 275 kHz mL/cell.
• Distinct frequency shifts were observed for Candida Albicans (270 GHz), Escherichia Coli (290 GHz), and Shigella Dysenteriae (310 GHz).
• Low-concentration glioblastoma cells (200 cells/mL) were successfully detected.

Conclusions:

• The terahertz metamaterial biosensor enables fast, simple, and label-free detection and differentiation of cells.
• The biosensor shows significant potential for early glioblastoma diagnosis.
• This technology opens new avenues for cell biology research and clinical diagnostics.