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4D-Printed Soft and Stretchable Self-Folding Cuff Electrodes for Small-Nerve Interfacing.

Lukas Hiendlmeier1,2, Francisco Zurita1,2, Jonas Vogel1

  • 1Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Computation, Informatics and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

New self-folding electrodes enable easier peripheral nerve interfacing (PNI) for treating diseases like obesity and diabetes. This innovation simplifies implantation for small nerves, enhancing PNI

Keywords:
4D printingcuff electrodeshydrogelsnerve interfacesself-foldingsmall nervesstretchable materials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve interfacing (PNI) shows promise for treating conditions like obesity and diabetes.
  • Current electrodes face challenges in clinical application, especially for small peripheral nerves (<200 µm).
  • Improved electrode design is needed for easier handling and implantation in PNI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel self-folding electrode for improved peripheral nerve interfacing.
  • To overcome limitations of existing electrodes for small peripheral nerves.
  • To facilitate clinical translation of PNI.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a bilayer electrode using photopolymerization of polyurethane and sodium acrylate hydrogel.
  • Utilizing the hydrogel's swelling properties in aqueous environments to induce self-folding.
  • Employing soft, stretchable resins and a microcracked gold film for electrode robustness and conductivity.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated electrode successfully self-folds into a cuff around small peripheral nerves.
  • Electrodes demonstrate robustness, stretchability (>20%), and flexibility for implantation.
  • Successful in vivo demonstration of implantation, extraction, stimulation, and recording on a small peripheral nerve.

Conclusions:

  • Self-folding electrodes offer a simplified and robust solution for peripheral nerve interfacing.
  • This technology has the potential to broaden the clinical application of PNI.
  • The developed electrodes are suitable for targeting small peripheral nerves, addressing a key clinical gap.