Starch-based shape memory sponge for rapid hemostasis in penetrating wounds

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Hemostasis Research
• Wound Management Technologies

Background:

• Excessive blood loss from penetrating wounds is a critical global health issue.
• Effective hemostasis in non-compressible wounds remains a significant clinical challenge.
• Current treatments often fall short in rapidly and effectively controlling hemorrhage.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a novel shape memory sponge (SQG) for controlling hemorrhage in penetrating wounds.
• To assess the hemostatic, physical, and biological properties of the SQG material.
• To compare the efficacy of SQG against traditional gelatin sponges in a preclinical model.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a shape memory sponge (SQG) using modified starch and gelatin.
• Evaluation of SQG's blood absorption, shape recovery, and mechanical strength.
• Assessment of SQG's pro-coagulant activity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties.
• In vivo testing in rabbit liver penetrating wounds to measure hemostasis and blood loss.

Main Results:

• SQG demonstrated rapid water absorption (1178.72 ± 12.18% in 10s) and quick shape recovery (∼3s).
• The sponge exhibited high mechanical strength (∼38 kPa) and promoted platelet adhesion and coagulation factor release.
• SQG achieved significantly reduced blood loss (334 ± 138 mg) and faster hemostasis (69 ± 20s) compared to gelatin sponge.
• Effective inhibition of *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus aureus* was observed, alongside good biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

• The developed SQG material offers rapid hemostasis through enhanced absorption, shape recovery, and pro-coagulant effects.
• SQG exhibits promising biocompatibility and antibacterial activity, crucial for wound healing.
• This novel sponge represents a significant advancement for managing bleeding in non-compressible penetrating wounds.