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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
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Classification(s) of Cervical Deformity.

Austin C Kaidi1, Han Jo Kim1

  • 1Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.

Neurospine
|January 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Classifying cervical spine deformities (CSD) is evolving. Recent systems, like Kim et al.

Keywords:
Cervical kyphosisCervical spine deformitySpinal deformity

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Spinal Deformity
  • Cervical Spine Disorders

Background:

  • Cervical spine deformities (CSD) present complex surgical challenges with varied management.
  • Early classification systems were informal, based on etiology.
  • Formal classification systems have evolved since 2015 to standardize CSD description.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of cervical spine deformity classification systems.
  • To highlight recent advancements in classifying CSD for surgical guidance.
  • To compare different classification approaches and their impact on surgical strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and contemporary classification systems for CSD.
  • Analysis of deformity descriptors and modifiers in established schemas.
  • Examination of a recent classification system incorporating dynamic imaging and surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Ames et al. (2015) introduced formal descriptors and modifiers for CSD.
  • Koller et al. (2019) focused on rigid cervical kyphosis classification.
  • Kim et al. (2020) proposed a dynamic imaging-based system with 4 deformity groups, guiding surgical approaches (e.g., anterior-posterior vs. posterior-only).

Conclusions:

  • Classification systems for cervical spine deformities have progressed significantly.
  • Recent systems, particularly Kim et al.'s, offer dynamic imaging insights for tailored surgical treatment.
  • Accurate classification is crucial for optimizing surgical strategies in complex CSD cases.