Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
Published on: April 8, 2022
Influence of neonatal endotracheal tube dimensions on oscillometry-acquired reactance: a bench study
Rosemijne R W P Pigmans1,2, Ruud W van Leuteren1,3, Anouk W J Scholten1,3
1Department of neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
Objective.To examine the influence of the endotracheal tube (ETT) on respiratory reactance (Xrs) measured with the forced oscillation technique (FOT) and develop a correction method for it.Approach.In a bench study, the reactance of ETTs (Xtube) with different dimensions was measured on a breathing test lung in various respiratory settings.Main results.Xtubecan be accurately predicted by a fitted formula, with an R2of 0.97, with negligible effects due to changes in respiratory pattern and lung volume.Significance.The developed formula offers the ability to measure ETT-independent Xrsvalues of patients, improving the potential of FOT for lung function testing in mechanically ventilated newborns.
Related Concept Videos
Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
Endotracheal Tube Extubation
Procedure
Extubation removes the endotracheal tube (ETT) from the patient on mechanical ventilation. It requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals....
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...

