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Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Coagulation01:09

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The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
During the coagulation phase, clotting factors, or procoagulants, play a vital role in initiating and progressing the coagulation cascade. This cascade is a series of reactions...
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Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

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After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
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Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Fibrinogen, Coagulation, and Ageing.

Rebecca Donkin1,2, Yoke Lin Fung3, Indu Singh4

  • 1The University of the Sunshine Coast, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia. rdonkin@usc.edu.au.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|January 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

As the global population ages, older adults face increased cardiovascular disease risk due to age-related changes in blood coagulation (haemostasis). Current diagnostic guidelines lack age-specific reference intervals for this growing demographic.

Keywords:
AnticoagulationCoagulationFibrinogenLaboratory monitoringOlder agePlateletsPoint-of-care testingReference intervals

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Haematology

Background:

  • The global population aged 60 and over is rapidly increasing, leading to greater demands on healthcare systems.
  • Older adults exhibit a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases, linked to a pro-coagulant state.
  • Age-related changes in haemostasis are influenced by gender, hormones, ethnicity, comorbidities, and medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the relationship between aging, haemostasis alterations, and disease impact.
  • To examine the role of fibrinogen and coagulation factors in cardiovascular disease in older adults.
  • To highlight the need for age-specific diagnostic guidelines for haemostasis in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging, haemostasis, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Analysis of factors influencing coagulation in older populations.
  • Discussion of laboratory testing methods and their limitations for elderly patients.

Main Results:

  • Aging is associated with changes in fibrinogen levels, coagulation factors, and platelet activity, promoting a hypercoagulable state.
  • Current diagnostic reference intervals for coagulation parameters are not age-specific for individuals over 60.
  • Hormonal changes (e.g., menopause), comorbidities, and medications further complicate haemostasis assessment in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for age-specific reference intervals and diagnostic guidelines for haemostasis in the aging population.
  • Understanding age-related haemostatic changes is crucial for effective cardiovascular disease prevention and management.
  • Future research should focus on refining laboratory testing and developing tailored anticoagulation strategies for older adults.