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The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
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Probing quantum many-body correlations by universal ramping dynamics.

Libo Liang1, Wei Zheng2, Ruixiao Yao3

  • 1School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

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PubMed
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We introduce a new method using ramping dynamics to probe quantum many-body correlations. This non-adiabatic linear response reveals universal correlations, offering insights into quantum phases.

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Degenerate quantum gasMany-body correlationsOptical latticesRamping dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atoms

Background:

  • Ramping physical parameters is a common experimental technique in quantum systems.
  • Ramping dynamics are used for quantum state preparation and property probing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for probing quantum many-body correlations using ramping dynamics.
  • To reveal a universal and path-independent quantum many-body correlation function.

Main Methods:

  • Ramping a Hamiltonian parameter to a target value from different initial values and velocities.
  • Analyzing the first-order correction of finite ramping velocity (non-adiabatic linear response).
  • Experimental demonstration using the Bose-Hubbard model with ultracold atoms in optical lattices.

Main Results:

  • The non-adiabatic linear response is universal and path-independent.
  • This method is sensitive to quasi-particle lifetime and the validity of quasi-particle descriptions.
  • The response is significant in the quantum critical regime and vanishing in superfluid and Mott insulator phases of the Bose-Hubbard model.

Conclusions:

  • The non-adiabatic linear response provides a novel probe for quantum many-body correlations.
  • This method is more sensitive to quasi-particle properties than conventional linear response.
  • The technique is broadly applicable to various quantum systems due to its reliance on a common experimental protocol.