Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Akkermansia muciniphila-derived postbiotics reprogram immune balance to combat sepsis via the IDO1/Kyn/AhR metabolic axis.

Journal of advanced research·2026
Same author

Artemisinin increases susceptibility to ferroptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis research & therapy·2026
Same author

Inhibiting hepatocytes MAGL alleviates osteoporosis caused by high-fat diet-induced liver fibrosis in male mice.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2026
Same author

Crosstalk between bone and vasculature within bone.

Fundamental research·2026
Same author

Fluoxetine-associated adverse event signals with a focus on seizure: A study based on the FAERS database, network pharmacology, and molecular docking.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

Pathogen spectrum of pulmonary infections in kidney transplant recipients and the diagnostic value of mNGS: a sputum and BALF study based on clinical decision-making.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

19.0K

Polarization-insensitive 90° optical hybrid using silica-based PLC.

Pan Pan, Liangliang Wang, Qinghai Liu

    Applied Optics
    |January 6, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents a polarization-insensitive 90° optical hybrid (OH) using a 4x4 multimode interference (MMI) coupler. The device demonstrates low polarization-dependent loss and phase error, crucial for optical communication systems.

    More Related Videos

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    8.6K
    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
    05:57

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    8.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Aug 15, 2025

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
    11:08

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

    Published on: November 30, 2012

    19.0K
    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    8.6K
    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
    05:57

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    8.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Optics
    • Waveguide Devices

    Background:

    • Optical hybrids (OH) are essential components in optical communication systems, particularly for coherent detection and optical signal processing.
    • Achieving polarization-insensitivity and low phase error in OH devices is critical for maintaining signal integrity and performance.
    • Multimode interference (MMI) couplers offer a compact and potentially polarization-insensitive platform for integrated photonic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design, fabricate, and characterize a polarization-insensitive 90° optical hybrid (OH) based on a 4x4 multimode interference (MMI) coupler.
    • To analyze the performance metrics including polarization-dependent loss (PDL) and phase error across a broad wavelength range.
    • To investigate the impact of fabrication tolerances on device performance and explain deviations from theoretical predictions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a silica-based planar lightwave circuit platform for device fabrication.
    • Employed a 4x4 multimode interference (MMI) coupler as the core element of the 90° optical hybrid.
    • Characterized the fabricated device for excess loss, polarization-dependent loss (PDL), and phase error over the C+L telecommunication bands.

    Main Results:

    • The designed OH exhibited polarization-insensitivity with a polarization-dependent loss below 0.18 dB and a theoretical phase error within ±1.3°.
    • The fabricated chip showed excess losses of 3.4 dB (TE) and 3.8 dB (TM) at 1550 nm.
    • Measured phase error was within ±7.2° across a 50 nm bandwidth (C+L band), with polarization-dependent error within ±3.5°.
    • Analysis of fabrication tolerances for MMI width and waveguide sidewall angle successfully explained observed deviations from theoretical calculations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed 4x4 MMI-based 90° optical hybrid demonstrates promising polarization-insensitive performance suitable for optical communication applications.
    • The study highlights the importance of considering fabrication tolerances in MMI-based device design to achieve predicted performance.
    • The findings contribute to the advancement of integrated photonic devices for high-performance optical systems.