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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Cochlear Implants or Hearing Aids: Speech Perception, Language, and Executive Function Outcomes.

Merle Sanne Boerrigter1,2, Anneke M Vermeulen3, Michel Ruben Benard3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Ear and Hearing
|January 6, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with cochlear implants (CIs) showed better soft speech perception than those with hearing aids (HAs), though both groups had challenges with executive function. Soft speech perception is crucial for vocabulary and executive function development.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Children with severe to profound hearing loss (HL) face challenges in speech perception, language development, and executive function (EF).
  • The choice between hearing aids (HAs) and cochlear implants (CIs) for managing HL is a critical clinical decision, impacting developmental outcomes.
  • Understanding the comparative benefits of HAs versus CIs is essential for refining implantation criteria and optimizing auditory rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare auditory speech perception, receptive vocabulary, and executive function (EF) in children with severe HL using HAs versus children with profound HL or deafness using CIs.
  • To investigate whether children with CIs outperform those with HAs in auditory perception and cognitive skills.
  • To contribute evidence to the ongoing debate regarding cochlear implant candidacy criteria.

Main Methods:

  • A matched-group design comparing children with CIs (n=43) and HAs (n=27), aged 8-15 years, matched for gender, socioeconomic status, and nonverbal IQ.
  • Assessment of speech perception at conversational (65 dB SPL) and soft (45 dB SPL) levels.
  • Evaluation of receptive vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III-NL) and EF (Delis Kaplan Executive Function System, Dutch Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test).

Main Results:

  • Both CI and HA groups achieved ceiling scores for speech perception at conversational levels.
  • The CI group demonstrated significantly better soft speech perception (87%) compared to the HA group (68%).
  • No significant differences were found in receptive vocabulary or overall EF between the CI and HA groups, though both groups showed deficits in planning and verbal memory compared to typically developing peers.

Conclusions:

  • Children with CIs exhibit superior auditory perception in soft speech conditions compared to children with severe HL using HAs.
  • Both CI and HA users demonstrate challenges in planning and verbal memory, indicating a need for targeted interventions.
  • Soft speech perception is a necessary, though not sufficient, prerequisite for achieving age-appropriate receptive vocabulary and EF in children with HL.