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Band Theory

Band Theory

When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

Topological Flat Bands in Self-Complementary Plasmonic Metasurfaces.

Zhixia Xu^1,2, Xianghong Kong³, Jie Chang²

¹State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

Physical Review Letters

|January 6, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers experimentally created flat bands with nontrivial topology using a plasmonic metasurface. This breakthrough enables enhanced wave-matter interactions for novel photonic devices, paving the way for planar integrated photonics.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Photonics confinement in real space is achieved by vanishing dispersion in momentum space via destructive interference.
Plasmonic metasurfaces offer a platform for manipulating light-matter interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally realize flat bands with nontrivial topology in a self-complementary plasmonic metasurface.
To investigate topological edge states and wave-matter interactions in a dynamic metasurface.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a self-complementary plasmonic metasurface.
Measurement of band diagrams and compact localized states.
Near-field measurements to observe topological edge states.
Loading controllable diodes for a digitalized metasurface and dynamic wave-matter interaction studies.

Main Results:

Experimental realization of flat bands with nontrivial topology.
Observation of topological edge states within nontrivial band gaps.
Demonstration of enhanced wave-matter interactions leading to efficient conversion of incident waves to time-modulated harmonic photonics in a digitalized metasurface.

Conclusions:

The study successfully demonstrated flat bands with nontrivial topology in plasmonic metasurfaces.
Compact localized states in these flat bands enhance wave-matter interactions, enabling efficient harmonic photonics generation.
The findings suggest feasibility for optical plasmonic systems and offer a pathway for planar integrated photonic devices with exotic transmission phenomena.