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Updated: Aug 15, 2025
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: July 19, 2019
Molecular biomarkers and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: State of the field, limitations, and future
Tom-D Rademacher1, Sven G Meuth2, Heinz Wiendl1
1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Germany.
Objective:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with cognitive impairment (CI) such as slowed information processing speed (IPS). Currently, no immunocellular or molecular markers have been established in cerebrospinal fluid and serum analysis as surrogate biomarkers with diagnostic or predictive value for the development of CI. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to sum up the evidence regarding currently discussed markers for CI in MS.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted on molecular biomarkers of CI in MS, such as neurofilament light chain, chitinases, and vitamin D.
Results:
5543 publications were screened, of which 77 entered the systematic review. 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Neurofilament light chain (CSF: rp = -0.294, p = 0.003; serum: rp = -0.137, p = 0.001) and serum levels of vitamin D (rp = 0.190, p = 0.014) were associated with IPS outcomes.
Conclusions:
Neurofilament light chain and vitamin D are promising biomarkers to track impairments in IPS in MS. Further longitudinal research is needed to establish the use of molecular biomarkers to monitor cognitive decline.
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