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Related Concept Videos

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
518
Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Homeostatic Imbalance01:10

Homeostatic Imbalance

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Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, which is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The body has various control mechanisms that work together to regulate various physiological parameters such as temperature, blood pressure, pH balance, and fluid balance, to name a few. These control mechanisms are based on feedback loops that can be either positive or negative.
However, sometimes these feedback loops fail,...
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

536
Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Perturbations of Circulating miRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Detected Using a Multiplexed High-throughput Gene Expression Platform
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Immune dysregulation.

Andrew Long1, Anatole Kleiner1, R John Looney1

  • 1Allergy Immunology Rheumatology Division, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|January 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune dysregulation is linked to gut health and specific immune cells like age-associated B cells and T follicular regulatory cells. Research explores new biomarkers and therapies for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
Barrier dysfunctionDAD2Epstein-Barr virusKawasaki syndromeSchnitzlerVEXAScommon variable immune deficiencydrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptomsdysbiosishemophagocytic lymphocytic histiocytosismacrophage activation syndromemultisystem inflammatory syndrome in childrenrheumatoid arthritissystemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Inflammation Research
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Growing evidence links altered microbiome and gut barrier dysfunction to systemic inflammation in primary immunodeficiency and rheumatic diseases.
  • Pathogenic age-associated B cells (ABCs) and their role in tissue inflammation are increasingly understood.
  • T follicular regulatory cells (Tfrs) are crucial for B-cell tolerance, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding immune dysregulation.
  • To identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various immune-related diseases.
  • To highlight ongoing research in autoimmune, inflammatory, and immunodeficiency syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and studies.
  • Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms in immune dysregulation.
  • Characterization of cytokine profiles and T-cell activation in hyperinflammatory syndromes.

Main Results:

  • Insights into the induction and maturation of pathogenic age-associated B cells.
  • Identification of HLA association with interstitial lung disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
  • Characterization of macrophage activation syndrome pathogenesis and hyperinflammatory syndromes.

Conclusions:

  • Immune dysregulation involves complex interactions between the microbiome, gut barrier, and specific immune cells.
  • Age-associated B cells and T follicular regulatory cells represent key players and potential therapeutic targets.
  • Further research is essential for improved diagnosis and treatment of immune-related disorders.