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Related Concept Videos

Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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The Phragmoplast01:59

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Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
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Animal and plant cells not only differ in their structure, function, and mode of nutrition but also in how they reproduce, specialize, and organize into complex structures.
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Though both plant and animal cells divide by mitosis (for non-gametic cells) and meiosis (for gametic cells), they differ in the specifics of this process. Unlike animal cells, plant cells lack centrosomes — an organelle responsible for organizing the spindle fibers and segregating the chromosomes during...
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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
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Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves
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Asymmetric cell division in plant development.

Yi Zhang1,2, Tongda Xu1, Juan Dong2,3

  • 1Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
|January 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asymmetric cell division (ACD) drives plant development and organogenesis. This review overviews ACD regulation by key components and phytohormones, highlighting conserved and specific mechanisms across plant systems.

Keywords:
asymmetric cell divisionpeptide signalingphytohormonal signalingplant developmentpolarity proteinstranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is crucial for generating diverse cell types during eukaryotic development.
  • In plants, post-embryonic organogenesis heavily relies on ACD, making it a vital process for study.
  • Understanding plant ACD is key to comprehending developmental plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of ACD determination and regulation in various plant developmental processes.
  • To compare the conservation and specificity of ACD mechanisms across different plant model systems.
  • To summarize the roles of phytohormones in regulating plant ACD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on plant asymmetric cell division.
  • Comparative analysis of ACD mechanisms in different plant cell systems.
  • Summary of molecular mechanisms involving phytohormones in plant ACD.

Main Results:

  • ACD is a fundamental process underlying plant post-embryonic organogenesis.
  • Key components and regulatory mechanisms of plant ACD have been elucidated.
  • Phytohormones play significant roles in modulating plant ACD.

Conclusions:

  • Plant development offers a powerful model for studying ACD.
  • Overarching principles governing plant ACD are emerging.
  • Future research directions and technological advancements are crucial for further progress in the field.