Location Optimization of Urban Fire Stations Considering the Backup Coverage.

Area of Science:

• Urban planning
• Disaster management
• Spatial optimization

Background:

• Urban fires pose significant risks to resident safety and economic stability.
• Efficient fire station placement is crucial due to limited resources.
• High-risk areas require enhanced coverage from multiple fire stations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To optimize urban fire station locations using a multi-objective model.
• To improve coverage, especially in high-risk urban zones.
• To balance resource allocation with maximal area protection.

Main Methods:

• Construction of a multi-objective optimization model for fire station planning.
• Integration of the backup coverage model for enhanced spatial analysis.
• Utilization of the Spatial Analysis and Value of Environment and Ecosystem (SAVEE) model to assess fire risk heterogeneity.

Main Results:

• The proposed model achieved 38.56% enhanced backup coverage in high-risk areas with existing fire stations.
• Without considering existing stations, 95 new stations achieved 50.07% backup coverage in high-risk zones.
• The model demonstrates improved protection for high-risk areas with efficient resource deployment.

Conclusions:

• The backup coverage model effectively enhances fire station planning in urban environments.
• Prioritizing high-risk areas with minimal station deployment maximizes overall coverage.
• The study provides a framework for optimizing emergency service infrastructure for urban safety.