Reduced Graphene Oxide UWB Array Sensor: High Performance for Brain Tumor Imaging and Detection

A low cost, with high performance, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) Ultra-wide Band (UWB) array sensor is presented to be applied with a technique of confocal radar-based microwave imaging to recognize a tumor in a human brain. RGO is used to form its patches on a Taconic substrate. The sensor functioned in a range of 1.2 to 10.8 GHz under UWB frequency. The sensor demonstrates high gain of 5.2 to 14.5 dB, with the small size of 90 mm × 45 mm², which can be easily integrated into microwave imaging systems and allow the best functionality. Moreover, the novel UWB RGO array sensor is established as a detector with a phantom of the human head. The layers' structure represents liquid-imitating tissues that consist of skin, fat, skull, and brain. The sensor will scan nine different points to cover the whole one-sided head phantom to obtain equally distributed reflected signals under two different situations, namely the existence and absence of the tumor. In order to accurately detect the tumor by producing sharper and clearer microwave image, the Matrix Laboratory software is used to improve the microwave imaging algorithm (delay and sum) including summing the imaging algorithm and recording the scattering parameters. The existence of a tumor will produce images with an error that is lower than 2 cm.