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Huanglongbing Pandemic: Current Challenges and Emerging Management Strategies
Dilip Ghosh1, Sunil Kokane1, Brajesh Kumar Savita2
1Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, India.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 8, 2023
Summary
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease caused by "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas). Effective HLB management requires a multi-pronged strategy targeting the pathogen, host, and vector.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Bacteriology
- Entomology
Background:
- Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is a severe citrus disease threatening the global industry.
- The disease is caused by the phloem-limited bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), transmitted by psyllids.
- Current control measures for HLB are limited, making disease prevention challenging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of current scientific knowledge on HLB.
- To discuss existing management practices and challenges in controlling CLas.
- To introduce a triangular disease management approach targeting pathogen, host, and vector.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on HLB and CLas.
- Analysis of pathogen-targeting strategies: inhibiting CLas proteins, using antimicrobials/immunity-inducers, and CLas suppression/killing tools.
- Examination of host-targeting strategies: immune system enhancement, transgenic resistance, and induced systemic acquired resistance.
- Evaluation of vector-targeting strategies: chemical/biological control and tree eradication.
Main Results:
- No single effective long-term commercialized control for HLB currently exists.
- A multi-pronged approach is necessary for effective HLB and CLas management.
- Integrated strategies targeting pathogen, host, and vector show promise.
Conclusions:
- Integrated disease management, incorporating pathogen, host, and vector strategies, is crucial for mitigating the HLB pandemic.
- Further research into novel control methods is essential.
- A hypothetical integrated disease management model is proposed.
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