Toward Trusted IoT by General Proof-of-Work.

Area of Science:

• Computer Science
• Distributed Systems
• Cybersecurity

Background:

• Internet of Things (IoT) systems face challenges integrating with blockchain due to limited device power.
• Existing blockchain performance and energy consumption issues are critical for IoT scalability and feasibility.
• Finality, privacy, and scalability concerns hinder the realization of trusted IoT and metaverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To address the performance and energy-consumption limitations of blockchain in IoT environments.
• To propose and validate a novel approach for achieving trusted and synchronized distributed systems.
• To demonstrate the potential of optimized blockchain solutions for enabling trusted IoT and metaverse applications.

Main Methods:

• Reintroduction and mathematical proof of General Proof of Work (GPoW) for reduced energy consumption.
• Construction and optimization of proof of PowerTimestamp (PoPT) for global event ordering.
• Simulation results, mining examples, and synchronization scenarios to validate PoPT realization in IoT.

Main Results:

• GPoW reduces Bitcoin's energy consumption by a factor of one billionth.
• PoPT enables real-time global event ordering for effective synchronization in distributed systems.
• The proposed methods demonstrate the feasibility of achieving trusted IoT systems.

Conclusions:

• Optimized blockchain protocols like GPoW and PoPT are crucial for overcoming IoT limitations.
• PoPT provides a viable mechanism for real-time synchronization, essential for distributed IoT networks.
• The research paves the way for realizing trusted IoT ecosystems and future metaverse integrations.