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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Based Physical Layer Authentication Enhancement.

Binting Su1, He Fang2, Junhui Zhao3

  • 1Network and Data Center, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This study integrates reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) into physical layer authentication (PLA). New controllable reflection-based PLA (CR-PLA) and watermark hopping-based PLA (WH-PLA) schemes enhance device authentication accuracy and security in wireless systems.

Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communication
  • Cybersecurity
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Physical Layer Authentication (PLA) is crucial for securing wireless systems.
  • Existing PLA techniques face challenges like degraded performance due to inaccurate feature estimation.
  • Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) offer novel capabilities for manipulating wireless environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of RIS in enhancing both Radio Frequency Fingerprint (RFF)/Channel Fingerprint (CF)-based and Tag Embedding (TE)-based PLA.
  • To propose novel RIS-aided PLA schemes for improved security and performance.
  • To analyze the role and effectiveness of RIS in these new PLA designs.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed Controllable Reflection-based PLA (CR-PLA) scheme to improve feature estimation accuracy by reconfiguring the wireless channel.
Keywords:
intelligent controllable reflectionperformance improvementphysical layer authenticationreconfigurable intelligent surfacewatermark hopping

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  • Developed Watermark Hopping-based PLA (WH-PLA) scheme for RIS-aided systems, embedding security information alternatively on pilot or message signals.
  • Utilized simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes.

    • Main Results:

    • The CR-PLA scheme enhances feature estimation accuracy and amplifies inter-device differences.
    • The WH-PLA scheme improves the performance of TE-based PLA in RIS-aided systems.
    • Simulation results demonstrate superior performance of the proposed RIS-aided PLA schemes over existing methods.

    Conclusions:

    • RIS can significantly enhance physical layer authentication techniques.
    • The proposed CR-PLA and WH-PLA schemes offer improved security and accuracy for wireless device authentication.
    • Further research is needed to address challenges and open issues in RIS-aided PLA designs for future wireless systems.