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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
Published on: September 4, 2019
Further examinations of attitudes toward discrete emotions, with a focus on attitudes toward anger
Kinga Szymaniak1, Sylvia K Harmon-Jones2, Eddie Harmon-Jones2
1The University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 00-927 Poland.
Abstract:
The present research aimed to better understand individual differences in attitudes towards emotions with a focus on anger. We report findings of four studies conducted with American and Polish individuals. Results showed that individuals who have more positive attitudes toward anger are higher in trait anger (Studies 1-4), are more likely to think about getting revenge (Study 1), and expect that getting revenge will make them feel good (Studies 1-2). In addition, these individuals are lower in agreeableness and lower in the tendency to engage in avoidance when angered (Studies 1-4). They score lower in humility (Studies 3-4), lower in secure romantic attachment but higher in anxious and avoidance attachment (Study 3). Finally, they are more likely to believe a wide range of conspiracies (Studies 2-4). Discussion focuses on the implications of these results.
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