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Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus Pneumoniae from Patients Diagnosed with Pneumonia: Recommendation for
Abdoulreza Esteghamati1, Ali Nazari-Alam2, Ali Badamchi3
1Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Background: Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) have remained a significant public health concern worldwide. In developed countries, the highest prevalence of S. pneumonia has been reported among the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the coverage of genotypes in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in the Iranian elderly population. Methods: A total of 41 isolates of S. pneumoniae were collected in the current retrospective cross-sectional study. The samples comprised 33 inpatients hospitalized for pneumococcal pneumonia and 8 outpatients. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to categorize the bacteria isolated into specific genotypes. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, and the chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance in percentages. Results: A total of 68 genotypes were identified in this study, in which 39 isolates (57.3%) were associated with invasive infections. The most common genotypes were 6A/B [8 (19.5%)], 1 [7 (17.5%)], 14 [5 (12.2%)], and 19A [4 (9.75%)], respectively. The coverage rates of PCV-7, PCV-10, and PCV-13 vaccines were 51.17%, 70.7%, and 99.9%, respectively. According to our results, the pneumococcal coverage rate of PCV-7, PCV-10, and PCV-13 vaccine types is estimated to be 51.2%, 70.7%, and 99.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the trend of pneumococcal serotypes included in the PCV-13 was steadily increasing during the study period. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the most circulating pneumococcal serotypes were in accordance with specific serotypes included in the PCV-13 vaccine types. Therefore, including PCV-13 vaccines in immunization programs against pneumococcus in the elderly can effectively reduce the rate of infections.
Insights
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV-13 effectively covers circulating strains in Iranian elderly, suggesting its inclusion in immunization programs can reduce infections. This study analyzed 41 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates to determine vaccine genotype coverage.
Area of Science:
- Medical Microbiology
- Vaccinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) are a global public health concern, particularly among the elderly in developed nations.
- Evaluating the efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is crucial for disease prevention strategies in vulnerable populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the coverage of serotypes included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) within the Iranian elderly population.
- To determine the prevalence of S. pneumoniae genotypes responsible for invasive infections in this demographic.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cross-sectional study involving 41 S. pneumoniae isolates from hospitalized and outpatient elderly individuals.
- Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed to identify and categorize bacterial genotypes.
- Statistical analysis, including the chi-square test, was used to evaluate genotype distribution and vaccine coverage rates.
Main Results:
- A total of 68 S. pneumoniae genotypes were identified, with 57.3% associated with invasive infections.
- The most prevalent genotypes were 6A/B (19.5%), 1 (17.5%), 14 (12.2%), and 19A (9.75%).
- PCV-13 demonstrated high coverage (99.9%), significantly exceeding PCV-7 (51.2%) and PCV-10 (70.7%).
Conclusions:
- The circulating pneumococcal serotypes in the Iranian elderly population largely align with those targeted by the PCV-13 vaccine.
- The high coverage rate of PCV-13 suggests its potential effectiveness in preventing pneumococcal infections in this age group.
- Inclusion of PCV-13 in national immunization programs for the elderly is recommended to reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease.
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