Multi-Disciplinary Management in Rectal Cancer Survivorship: A Clinical Practice Review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Cancer Survivorship Research

Background:

• Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading global cancer, with rectal cancer comprising a significant portion in the USA.
• Improving treatments have increased rectal cancer survival rates, emphasizing the growing need for comprehensive survivorship care.
• Young-onset rectal cancer incidence is rising, further highlighting the importance of addressing long-term health in survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review evidence on long-term toxicities associated with multimodal rectal cancer treatment.
• To provide management considerations for these chronic toxicities based on consensus guidelines.
• To discuss modifiable risk factors that can improve long-term health outcomes for rectal cancer survivors.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of evidence on long-term toxicities.
• Synthesis of consensus guidelines for managing chronic effects.
• Identification and review of modifiable lifestyle and behavioral risk factors.

Main Results:

• Multimodal therapy can lead to chronic toxicities affecting multiple organ systems.
• Key toxicities include bowel dysfunction, neuropathy, bone degeneration, cardiovascular issues, incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and psychosocial distress.
• Modifiable risk factors offer opportunities for survivors to improve their long-term health.

Conclusions:

• Effective rectal cancer survivorship requires a multidisciplinary approach addressing surveillance and long-term toxicity management.
• Management strategies should be guided by consensus guidelines and focus on improving quality of life.
• Empowering survivors with knowledge of modifiable risk factors is essential for optimizing long-term health outcomes.