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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Inclusive Fitness00:57

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Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
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The efficacy of selection may increase or decrease with selfing depending upon the recombination environment.

Shelley A Sianta1, Stephan Peischl2,3, David A Moeller1

  • 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, United States.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|January 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selfing rate impacts the removal of harmful mutations. Low recombination and common recessive mutations reduce selection efficacy in outcrossing populations, but this improves above a selfing threshold.

Keywords:
efficacy of selectiongenetic loadmating systemspseudo-overdominanceselective interferenceselfing

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Selfing rate influences natural selection's efficacy in removing deleterious mutations.
  • Previous theories often isolated mutations by dominance and fitness effects.
  • The genome-wide impact of selfing on purging diverse mutations is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how selfing rate, mutation, selection, and recombination interact.
  • Examine genome-wide mutation accumulation and fitness patterns.
  • Understand the purging of deleterious mutations in a multi-mutation context.

Main Methods:

  • Individual-based forward simulations.
  • Analytical models.
  • Examining interactions between selfing, recombination, and mutation parameters.

Main Results:

  • Selfing's effect on selection against specific mutation classes is confirmed.
  • Interactions between purifying selection and mutation dominance change with selfing and recombination.
  • Low recombination and common recessive mutations reduce selection efficacy in outcrossing populations (pseudo-overdominance).
  • Selection efficacy increases above a threshold selfing rate under these conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Selfing rate significantly modulates the efficacy of selection against deleterious mutations.
  • Recombination and mutation characteristics critically influence genome-wide mutation load.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to predicting evolutionary trajectories in varying selfing environments.