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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
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Effects of proactive interference on olfactory memory in dogs.

Adam Davila1, Sarah Krichbaum2, Lucia Lazarowski2

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA. aad0043@auburn.edu.

Learning & Behavior
|January 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Proactive interference (PI) impairs dog working memory (WM). Accuracy decreased when more stimuli were repeated, and dogs struggled most when recent memories interfered immediately.

Keywords:
DogMatching-to-sampleProactive interferenceWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Proactive interference (PI) is when past memories disrupt current information processing, leading to working memory (WM) errors.
  • These errors are often quantified using matching-to-sample (MTS) tasks, where accuracy declines with increased stimulus repetition due to PI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of proactive interference on working memory in dogs.
  • To determine the locus of proactive interference in canine olfactory working memory.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using an olfactory matching-to-sample task.
  • Experiment 1 manipulated stimulus set size (2, 6, trial-unique odors) to vary PI levels.
  • Experiment 2 used probe trials with varying retention intervals (0-s, 20-s) to pinpoint PI's locus.

Main Results:

  • Matching-to-sample accuracy significantly decreased as within-session proactive interference increased.
  • Dogs exhibited worse performance when the interfering odor stimulus was from the immediately preceding trial compared to trials further back, but only with a 0-s retention interval.

Conclusions:

  • Proactive interference negatively affects canine working memory performance.
  • The recency of interfering stimuli plays a crucial role in the magnitude of proactive interference in dogs, particularly with short retention intervals.