Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

82.0K
Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
82.0K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

1.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.5K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

3.9K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
3.9K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

6.7K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
6.7K
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

1.6K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
1.6K
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

71.4K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
71.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genome scale CRISPRi reveals both shared and strain-specific vulnerabilities in genetically diverse drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Mechanism of NanR transcriptional activation of sialic acid metabolism in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Dioxygenation of tryptophan residues by superoxide and myeloperoxidase.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2025
Same author

Changes in urinary glutathione sulfonamide (GSA) levels between admission and discharge of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society·2024
Same author

Hypothiocyanous acid reductase is critical for host colonization and infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2024
Same author

Identification of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> genes associated with hypothiocyanous acid tolerance through genome-wide screening.

Journal of bacteriology·2023
Same journal

Diversity, Equality, and Inclusion in the naïve T Cell Receptor Repertoire.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Macrophage Plasticity and Immune Remodeling in Ischemic Heart Failure.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

The T Cell Receptor: Molecular Sensor, Therapeutic Mediator and Probabilistic Driver of Adaptive Immunity.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Heart: An Emerging Role in Chronic Inflammation.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Rethinking Immunity in Tissues: The Biology of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Inflammation-Driven Lymphoid Structures: Organization, Function, and Clinical Impact Across Autoimmunity, Cancer, and Checkpoint Toxicity.

Immunological reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages
08:06

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages

Published on: March 10, 2014

14.5K

Inside the phagosome: A bacterial perspective.

Mark B Hampton1, Nina Dickerhof1

  • 1Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Immunological Reviews
|January 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding bacterial survival in neutrophil phagosomes is key to developing new therapies. This review highlights knowledge gaps and suggests methods to identify bacterial genes crucial for surviving this hostile environment.

Keywords:
bacterial killingmyeloperoxidaseneutrophilsoxidative stressphagosomethiols

More Related Videos

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages
10:33

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Published on: October 25, 2017

10.7K
"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
10:07

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM

Published on: August 26, 2016

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages
08:06

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages

Published on: March 10, 2014

14.5K
Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages
10:33

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Published on: October 25, 2017

10.7K
"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
10:07

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM

Published on: August 26, 2016

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Neutrophil phagosomes present a hostile environment for bacterial pathogens.
  • Current understanding of phagosomal biochemistry is limited, hindering therapeutic development.
  • Bacterial contributions to the phagosomal environment are often overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review limitations in knowledge regarding neutrophil phagosome biochemistry.
  • To emphasize the importance of bacterial factors in phagosomal survival.
  • To encourage methods for identifying bacterial genes essential for phagosomal survival.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neutrophil phagosomes and bacterial pathogenesis.
  • Discussion of challenges in measuring phagosomal events.
  • Highlighting the need for unbiased screening approaches.

Main Results:

  • Significant heterogeneity exists among neutrophil phagosomes.
  • Bacterial survival may depend on intrinsic defenses or environmental factors.
  • Monitoring bacteria within phagosomes offers insights into their challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate phagosomal biochemistry and bacterial adaptation strategies.
  • Identifying bacterial survival genes can inform novel anti-pathogen therapies.
  • A comprehensive understanding requires considering both host and bacterial factors.