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Longitudinal Association and Mediating Mechanism Between Externalizing and Internalizing Problems Among Children: A
Xue Gong1,2, Jianhua Zhou1,2, E Scott Huebner3
1Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University.
Summary
Peer victimization, not academic achievement, mediated the link between internalizing and externalizing problems in children over time. Findings highlight the importance of distinguishing within-person and between-person effects in child behavior research.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Externalizing and internalizing problems in children are significant concerns.
- Understanding the interplay between these problem types and their mediators is crucial for effective interventions.
- Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the directionality and mediating factors of these relations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the bidirectional relations between externalizing and internalizing problems in children over three years.
- To examine whether peer victimization and academic achievement mediate these relations.
- To differentiate between within-person and between-person effects.
Main Methods:
- A 3-year longitudinal study of 3238 Chinese children.
- Semiannual self-reports on peer victimization, externalizing, and internalizing problems.
- Parent reports on children's problems and objective academic achievement data (exam scores).
- Analysis using Random Intercepts Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPM) and Cross-Lagged Panel Models (CLPM).
Main Results:
- Neither academic achievement nor peer victimization mediated the relations between externalizing and internalizing problems at the within-person level.
- Peer victimization, but not academic achievement, mediated the bidirectional relations between internalizing and externalizing problems (self and parent reports).
- Significant sex differences were observed in these relations.
Conclusions:
- Distinguishing between within-person and between-person associations is critical for understanding child psychopathology.
- Within-person findings did not support the mediating roles of academic achievement or peer victimization in the Dual Failure or Acting Out Models.
- Peer victimization emerges as a key mediator in the interplay between internalizing and externalizing problems.
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