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Related Concept Videos

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Photosystem I

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Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
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The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

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Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as...
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The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

10.4K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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Photoelectric Effect02:26

Photoelectric Effect

29.9K
When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...
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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy TIRAS for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface
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Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy TIRAS for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface

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Mechanism for plasmon-generated solvated electrons.

Alexander Al-Zubeidi1,2, Behnaz Ostovar2,3, Claire C Carlin2,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers enhanced solvated electron production in water using nanoparticle-decorated electrodes. This plasmon-enhanced method significantly boosts yields for powerful reduction reactions under mild conditions.

Keywords:
hot carriershydrated electronsnanoparticlesphotoemission

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Area of Science:

  • Photochemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Solvated electrons are potent reducing agents crucial for energetic reduction reactions.
  • Generating solvated electrons sustainably and efficiently under mild conditions is a significant challenge in chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel method for enhancing the yield of solvated electrons in water.
  • To explore the role of plasmonic nanoparticles in facilitating electron transfer to water.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized near-ultraviolet irradiation with low-intensity one-photon excitation.
  • Employed nanoparticle-decorated electrodes and smooth silver electrodes for comparison.
  • Incorporated electrochemical and optical detection techniques.
  • Performed simulations of electric fields and hot carrier distributions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved over a 10-fold increase in solvated electron yield using nanoparticle-decorated electrodes compared to smooth electrodes.
  • Demonstrated that hot electrons generated by plasmon excitation are injected into water to form solvated electrons.
  • Observed that both yield enhancement and hot carrier production spectrally correlate with the plasmonic near-field.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmonic nanoparticles on electrodes significantly enhance solvated electron generation in water.
  • Tailoring nanoparticle plasmons offers a controllable strategy for boosting solvated electron yields.
  • This approach presents a promising pathway for utilizing solvated electrons in various chemical reactions.