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Solid Earth-atmosphere interaction forces during the 15 January 2022 Tonga eruption.

Ricardo Garza-Girón1, Thorne Lay1, Frederick Pollitz2

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.

Science Advances
|January 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 2022 Tonga eruption generated immense Earth forces, causing global seismic waves. Analysis of seismic data reveals the eruption

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Volcanology
  • Seismology

Background:

  • The 15 January 2022 Tonga eruption produced a powerful atmospheric Lamb wave.
  • Volcanic eruptions can generate significant forces impacting the solid Earth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the forces exerted on the Earth during the Tonga eruption.
  • To understand the seismic wave generation mechanisms from volcanic explosions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of teleseismic P waves and Rayleigh waves with periods <50 s.
  • Modeling of atmospheric acoustic-gravity waves and their interaction with the solid Earth.

Main Results:

  • Impulsive downward reaction forces on Earth reached ~2.0 × 10^13 N.
  • Seismic waves radiated globally, with source bursts lasting ~4.5 hours.
  • Atmospheric standing acoustic waves generated oscillatory forces up to 4 × 10^12 N, exciting Earth Rayleigh waves.

Conclusions:

  • The Tonga eruption's force dynamics provide crucial insights into volcanic eruption processes.
  • Atmospheric waves from eruptions can drive significant seismic and tsunami activity.