[Research progress of pachychoroid disease spectrum]

Pachychoroid disease spectrum encompasses central serous chorioretinopathy,polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy,pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy,pachychoroid neovasculopathy,focal choroidal excavation,peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome and peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy,etc. The typical choroidal changes of the spectrum are abnormally dilated pachyvessels,choroidal thickening with overlying retinal pigmentary epithelium changes. However,the clinical manifestations and prognosis of entities described within pachychoroid spectrum are different. Significant advances in multimodal imaging have enabled a deeper understanding of the pachychoroid disease spectrum. This paper reviews the pathophysiological alterations,multimodal imaging features and possible pathogenesis of pachychoroid disease spectrum.