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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
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Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
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B cell receptor (BCR) endocytosis.

Aleah D Roberts1, Justin W Taraska1

  • 1Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|January 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The B cell receptor (BCR) binds antigens to activate B cells, initiating signaling pathways and endocytosis. This review explores BCR signaling, endocytosis mechanisms, and their roles in disease pathogenesis.

Keywords:
B cell receptorClathrinEndocytosisLeukemiaLipid raftLymphomaPhagocytosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The B cell receptor (BCR) is crucial for adaptive immunity, mediating B cell activation upon antigen binding.
  • BCR signaling pathways (NFAT, NF-κB, MAPK) are well-studied and targeted in therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
  • Mechanisms of BCR endocytosis and its specific role in B cell pathogenesis remain less understood.

Approach:

  • This chapter reviews the fundamental characteristics of the BCR.
  • It details the signaling pathways initiated upon BCR activation.
  • It examines the endocytic mechanisms involved in BCR-antigen complex internalization.

Key Points:

  • BCR activation involves complex signaling cascades and the endocytosis of the BCR-antigen complex.
  • Aberrant BCR signaling is implicated in various diseases, highlighting the need for therapeutic interventions.
  • Understanding BCR endocytosis is critical for elucidating its role in disease development.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into BCR endocytosis mechanisms is essential for a comprehensive understanding of B cell function.
  • Investigating the link between BCR endocytosis and disease pathogenesis may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on BCR signaling and endocytosis in the context of B cell biology and disease.