Cost and value in liver disease guidelines: 2011-2022
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 14, 2025

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: September 30, 2021
Elizabeth S Aby1, Alyson Kaplan2, Nneka N Ufere3
1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Background:
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is associated with rising health care utilization and cost. We aimed to describe the frequency of cost/value (C/V) statements in CLD-related clinical guidance documents (CGDs).
Methods:
CGD with a focus on CLD published between January 2011 and February 2022 from 3 US societies [Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), American College of Gastroenterology (ACG), and American Gastroenterological Association (AGA)] were analyzed.
Findings:
Forty-five CGDs were identified. Eighty of 1334 guidance statements were C/V statements (6%). Only 1.1% reported patient-level costs and none reported out-of-pocket costs. Despite the increased importance of incorporating cost and value into care, the proportion of C/V statements in CGDs related to liver disease is low.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
Liver Physiology
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of 70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care
Assessment:
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

