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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

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Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base02:30

Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base

50.9K
The reaction between a Brønsted-Lowry acid and water is called acid ionization. For example, when hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water and ionizes, protons are transferred from hydrogen fluoride molecules to water molecules, yielding hydronium ions and fluoride ions:
50.9K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Water Complex of Imidogen.

Xiaolong Li1, Bo Lu1, Junjie Jiang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 12, 2023
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Summary

Researchers observed the simplest nitrogen hydride, imidogen (NH), complexed with water. This discovery sheds light on the amidation reaction mechanism and provides insights into interstellar chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Astrochemistry
  • Reaction Mechanisms

Background:

  • Imidogen (NH) is the simplest nitrogen hydride, crucial in combustion and interstellar chemistry.
  • The reaction of NH with water is a model for O-H bond amidation via a nitrene intermediate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To observe and characterize the elusive water complex of imidogen (NH).
  • To elucidate the mechanism of the NH + H2O reaction, a key amidation process.

Main Methods:

  • Matrix isolation spectroscopy (N2 matrix at 10 K).
  • Infrared (IR) spectroscopy with isotopic labeling (D, 18O, 15N).
  • Quantum chemical calculations (UCCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ).

Main Results:

  • The water complex of imidogen, NH···OH2, was successfully observed as a prereaction complex.
  • Spectroscopic and computational data confirmed the hydrogen-bonded structure.
  • Photolysis of the complex at 365 nm induced O-H bond insertion, forming hydroxylamine (NH2OH).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides direct evidence for the NH···H2O prereaction complex.
  • The findings validate the proposed mechanism for NH-water amidation.
  • This research advances understanding of fundamental chemical reactions relevant to combustion and astrochemistry.