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Simultaneous multi-segment (SMSeg) EPI over multiple focal regions.

Kaibao Sun1, Zheng Zhong1,2, Guangyu Dan1,2

  • 1Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|January 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Simultaneous multi-segment (SMSeg) imaging allows for the simultaneous acquisition of multiple brain regions using a 2D radiofrequency pulse and echo planar imaging. This advanced technique accelerates imaging and detects functional brain activity in distinct areas efficiently.

Keywords:
2D RF pulseEPIparallel imagingreduced FOVsimultaneous multi-segment imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Neuroimaging
  • Pulse Sequence Development

Background:

  • Simultaneous Multi-Slice (SMS) imaging accelerates MRI acquisition by exciting and reconstructing multiple slices at once.
  • Conventional SMS techniques often face limitations in flexibility and artifact control for complex imaging scenarios.
  • Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) is crucial for fast data acquisition in functional MRI (fMRI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel Simultaneous Multi-Segment (SMSeg) imaging technique.
  • To enable simultaneous excitation and imaging of multiple, distinct focal regions within the brain.
  • To integrate SMSeg with Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) for accelerated anatomic and functional neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a SMSeg technique using a 2D radiofrequency (RF) pulse with tailored k-space trajectories for multi-region excitation.
  • Incorporated GRAPPA-based parallel imaging, utilizing coil sensitivities in phase-encoding and slice-selection directions.
  • Implemented and tested the SMSeg-EPI sequence at 3 Tesla in phantoms and human participants for anatomic and functional imaging.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated simultaneous acquisition of three focal regions in both phantom and human brain scans.
  • Achieved up to six-fold acceleration with SMSeg-EPI compared to conventional EPI, with minimal aliasing artifacts.
  • Detected simultaneous Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) activations in visual and motor cortices during a visuomotor task.

Conclusions:

  • SMSeg imaging is a viable and effective method for simultaneously imaging multiple focal regions.
  • The technique offers significant acceleration potential for MRI acquisition without compromising image quality.
  • SMSeg-EPI holds promise for efficient simultaneous neuroimaging of distributed brain networks.