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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

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Single pulse protoacoustic range verification using a clinical synchrocyclotron.

Joseph Caron1, Gilberto Gonzalez1, Prabodh Kumar Pandey2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States of America.

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Protoacoustics uses sound waves to pinpoint proton therapy

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Acoustic Imaging

Background:

  • Proton therapy offers advantages over conventional radiation due to the Bragg peak phenomenon.
  • Range uncertainty in proton beam delivery limits its precision.
  • Real-time Bragg peak localization is crucial for advancing proton therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate protoacoustic measurements for real-time Bragg peak localization in proton therapy.
  • To assess the correlation between acoustic wave amplitude and proton dose deposition.
  • To demonstrate sub-millimeter resolution imaging of proton beams.

Main Methods:

  • Proton beams deposited dose in a water phantom, generating heat.
  • Thermoelastic expansion produced 3D acoustic waves detected by sensors.
  • Measurements were conducted using a synchrocyclotron proton machine across a wide energy range (45.5–227.15 MeV).

Main Results:

  • Acoustic wave amplitude was found to be directly proportional to proton dose deposition.
  • Protoacoustics enabled real-time visualization of individual proton beams.
  • Sub-millimeter resolution (<0.7 mm) was achieved with single beam pulses.

Conclusions:

  • Protoacoustic measurements provide real-time Bragg peak localization and dosimetric information.
  • This technique has the potential to significantly improve the precision of proton therapy.
  • It paves the way for future *in vivo* measurements in cancer treatment.