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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Recording Human Electrocorticographic ECoG Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping
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Passive functional mapping of receptive language cortex during general anesthesia using electrocorticography.

Amin Nourmohammadi1, James R Swift1, Adriana de Pesters2

  • 1National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|January 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Passive language mapping in the receptive cortex during general anesthesia is feasible using electrocorticography (ECoG) broadband gamma (BBG) responses. This technique could expand patient eligibility for language mapping and reduce risks associated with awake craniotomy.

Keywords:
Awake craniotomyElectrocorticography (ECoG)General anesthesiaPassive functional mappingReceptive language cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Functional language mapping is crucial for neurosurgical planning.
  • Current methods like electrocortical stimulation (ECS) require awake patients, limiting applicability.
  • Passive techniques offer a potential alternative for patient selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of passive functional language mapping in the receptive cortex during general anesthesia.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals for this purpose.

Main Methods:

  • Subdurally placed ECoG grids recorded cortical responses to speech stimuli.
  • Brain signal spectro-temporal consistency in the broadband gamma (BBG) band (70-170 Hz) identified responsive cortical areas.
  • Comparisons were made between awake and anesthetized conditions.

Main Results:

  • ECoG BBG responses during general anesthesia effectively identified receptive language cortex.
  • Mapping accuracy varied with anesthesia state and depth.
  • Average sensitivity and specificity for passive mapping under anesthesia were 49±7.7% and 100%, respectively, when compared to awake mapping.

Conclusions:

  • Passive functional language mapping of the receptive cortex is feasible during general anesthesia.
  • This approach may broaden patient access to language mapping and mitigate risks of awake procedures.