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Batteries and Fuel Cells

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...

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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells

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Flexible All-Solid-State Direct Methanol Fuel Cells with High Specific Power Density.

Shanshan Sun¹, Minglin Zhao¹, Qingwei Wang¹

¹Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|January 12, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a flexible all-solid-state direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) using a nanoscale TiC-modified carbon cloth supporting layer. This flexible DMFC offers high power density and energy density, outperforming flexible lithium-ion batteries for portable electronics.

Keywords:

TiC-modified carbon cloth direct methanol fuel cells flexible all-solid-state devices flexible packages solid methanol

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Flexible electronic devices require adaptable power sources like batteries.
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) offer clean, high energy density portable power but lack flexibility.
Traditional DMFCs are unsuitable for wearable electronics due to their rigid mechanical assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a flexible all-solid-state DMFC suitable for wearable and portable electronics.
To enhance the performance and durability of DMFCs under mechanical stress.
To evaluate the potential of flexible DMFCs as a superior alternative to existing flexible batteries.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a flexible membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using nanoscale TiC-modified carbon cloth (TiC/CC) as a supporting layer.
Utilization of solid methanol fuels for a flexible all-solid-state DMFC.
Testing the DMFC's performance under various bending conditions and angles.

Main Results:

The flexible DMFC achieved a power density of 14.06 mW cm⁻².
The device demonstrated negligible voltage loss after 50 bending cycles at 60°.
The flexible DMFC exhibited an energy density 777.78 Wh Kg⁻¹ higher than flexible lithium-ion batteries.

Conclusions:

The developed flexible all-solid-state DMFC is a promising power source for flexible portable electronics.
The TiC/CC supporting layer and solid fuel enhance electrical conductivity and energy density.
This technology offers significant advantages for the commercialization of flexible electronic products.