Development of temporal series 4D-STEM and application to relaxation time measurement

Diffraction patterns contain useful information about the materials. Recent developments in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy and the acquisition of the spatial distribution of diffraction patterns have produced significant results. The acquisition of a temporal series of diffractions is achieved for a stationary beam. However, the acquisition of spatiotemporal distribution of diffraction patterns has only been established under limited conditions. In this study, we developed a simple method that enables the recording of the spatiotemporal distribution of diffraction patterns and applied it to the relaxation time measurement that is robust to sample drift.