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Relaxation time measurement: correlating diffraction patterns.

Katsuaki Nakazawa1, Kazutaka Mitsuishi2

  • 1International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.

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|October 21, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The two-time correlation function offers longer dynamics measurements for liquids and glasses compared to the one-time method. This advanced technique also shows minimal dose dependence, improving its reliability for studying material dynamics.

Keywords:
4D-STEM5D-STEMdiffractiondynamic heterogeneityglassrelaxation time

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Soft matter physics

Background:

  • X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) and electron correlation microscopy are key techniques for studying dynamics in liquids and glasses.
  • These methods rely on analyzing temporal changes in diffraction patterns.
  • Current understanding of one-time and two-time correlation functions for evaluating these dynamics is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the characteristics of one-time and two-time correlation functions.
  • To determine the advantages of each method for analyzing dynamics in liquids and glasses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) and electron correlation microscopy.
  • Measured temporal changes in diffraction patterns.
  • Calculated and compared one-time and two-time correlation functions.

Main Results:

  • The two-time correlation function enables the measurement of dynamics over extended periods compared to the one-time correlation function.
  • The two-time correlation function demonstrated a low sensitivity to the applied radiation dose.

Conclusions:

  • The two-time correlation function is a more robust method for probing long-timescale dynamics in liquids and glasses.
  • Its weak dose dependence enhances its applicability in various experimental settings.