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IDENTIFICATION AND RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF A FILARIOID NEMATODE SPECIES IN MANAGED GRASSHOPPER SPARROWS

Danielle M Lang1, Scott B Citino2, Kyle Donnelly2,3

  • 1The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, daniellelang92@gmail.com.

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
|January 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A filarioid parasite, Aproctella sp., was identified in grasshopper sparrows. This parasite is linked to increased illness and death in both Florida and eastern subspecies, impacting conservation efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Avian Conservation Medicine
  • Wildlife Pathology

Background:

  • The Florida grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) is federally endangered, facing threats from habitat loss and predation.
  • Managed breeding programs are crucial for the conservation of endangered avian subspecies.
  • Parasitic infections can pose significant risks to vulnerable wildlife populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a filarioid parasite (Aproctella sp.) found in grasshopper sparrows.
  • To investigate the prevalence of filariasis in Florida and eastern grasshopper sparrows.
  • To determine correlations between filariasis and other health conditions in captive sparrows.

Main Methods:

  • PCR and postmortem examinations were used to identify and characterize Aproctella sp.
  • Blood films and tissue imprints were analyzed for parasite presence.
  • Health records of 157 sparrows were reviewed for correlations with filariasis.

Main Results:

  • A novel Aproctella sp. was identified, distinct from known sequences.
  • Filariasis was detected in 18.5% of the studied grasshopper sparrows.
  • Filariasis showed significant correlations with systemic isosporosis, coelomitis, and airsacculitis.

Conclusions:

  • The identified Aproctella sp. can contribute to morbidity and mortality in grasshopper sparrows.
  • Findings are vital for developing health management strategies in breeding programs.
  • Understanding parasite impact aids in implementing measures against potential vectors.