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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
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DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication...
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

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Origins of DNA replication in eukaryotes.

Yixin Hu1, Bruce Stillman2

  • 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

Molecular Cell
|January 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Errors in DNA replication cause genome instability, linked to diseases like cancer. This review explores how the origin recognition complex (ORC) guides DNA replication initiation in eukaryotes and discusses evolutionary links between origins and centromeres.

Keywords:
DNA replicationepigenetic inheritanceevolutionorigin recognition complex

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • DNA replication errors can lead to genome instability, contributing to diseases such as cancer and autism.
  • Significant advancements have been made in understanding eukaryotic DNA replication, particularly initiation and its regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the origin recognition complex (ORC) in specifying DNA replication origins across eukaryotic chromosomes.
  • To discuss methods for mapping DNA replication locations and temporal patterns.
  • To explore the evolutionary relationship between replication origins and centromeres.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on origin recognition complex (ORC) function.
  • Analysis of methods for mapping DNA replication initiation sites.
  • Comparative genomics and evolutionary analysis of origin and centromere elements.

Main Results:

  • The origin recognition complex (ORC) is crucial for determining where DNA replication begins on eukaryotic chromosomes.
  • Origin specification varies significantly across eukaryotic species and can be linked to gene-silencing mechanisms.
  • Evidence suggests a potential shared evolutionary origin between centromeres and DNA replication origins.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ORC's role is key to comprehending genome stability and disease.
  • The diversity of replication origins reflects evolutionary adaptations.
  • Further research into the common ancestry of centromeres and origins could illuminate fundamental aspects of genome organization.